Genetic diseases are hall marks of various diseases such as cancer, mental retardation, birth defects and neurodegenerative diseases. Identifying genomic alterations and the genes they contain will provide molecular targets for diagnosis and therapy. Clinical laboratories have increasingly adopted next generation sequencing (NGS) as a standard for the diagnosis of hereditary disorders. NGS methods can be used to detect either germline or somatic mutations. The use of PCR-based or hybridization-based enrichment strategies, clinical analysis on a single gene, multi-gene panels, or all known protein coding genes (exome sequencing) will be applied. The validity and utility of NGS-based panel testing has been demonstrated for a wide range of conditions including: hearing loss, vision loss, cardiovascular disorders, renal disorders, neurologic disorders, and cancer predispositions. Comparative Genome Hybridization (CGH) is a technique used in cytogenetic laboratories using chromosome metaphase spreads. Array CGH greatly improves the resolution of the technique by substituting metaphase spreads with genomic fragments or clones spotted in a microarray format. This method enables scanning and analysis of whole genome in a single experiment. This array CGH is easily amenable to automation and cheaper to perform. Until NGS became available array CGH is one of the most powerful toll in diagnostic test in clinical pathology. Whole Genome Amplification (WGA) method enables preparation of genomic DNA from rear and valuable samples like blood, fine needle aspirations, biopsies and archival samples. Development of novel methods for fast, sensitive and reliable RNA quantification has recently got increasing attention. Conventional methods for RNA analysis, like Northern and slot blot hybridization are in general time consuming, laborious and allow only relative quantification within a narrow concentration range. More novel methods for RNA analysis e.g. RT-PCR and real time RT-PCR are highly sensitive, but also slightly susceptible to experimental interferences. Sandwich Hybridization Assays (SHA) from crude cell samples or in connection to PCR have been extensively used in clinical diagnostics for detection of nucleic acids from bacteria, viruses, gene mutations and for cell typing. The presentation will discuss on the use of these genomics based diagnostic methods in health and disease.

Exploration in the field of epigenetics has unveiled the significance of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in normal development and disease. Our research identified PRMT7 as a promising target for enhancing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in melanoma (Srour et al., 2022, Cell Reports 38(13):110582). To investigate if PRMT7 plays a role in the tumor microenvironment especially in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we bred PRMT7FL/FL mice with CD4-Cre mice (CKO) to generate PRMT7 deficient T cells. PRMT7 CKO mice exhibited a substantial increase in peripheral CD8+ but not CD4+ T cells. These CD8+ T cells had an enhanced T cell effector memory-like phenotype as assessed by CD44, CD62L expression. Interestingly, PRMT7 CKO mice exhibited reduced melanoma growth following subcutaneous injection of B16.F10 cells. Ex vivo stimulation of PRMT7 CKO CD8+ T cells with αCD3 and αCD28 resulted in increased proliferation compared to control CD8+ T cells. To replicate PRMT7 depletion observed in the CKO model, we developed novel VHL-ligand coupled PROTAC inhibitors targeting PRMT7. Notably, PRMT7-deficient CD8+ T cells, whether derived from CKO mice or wild-type mice treated with PRMT7 PROTACs, exhibited enhanced melanoma cytotoxic activity in vitro. Transcriptomic analysis of PRMT7-deficient CD8+ T cells revealed multiple alternative splicing defects and upregulation of the NF-kB pathway. Our findings identify a crucial function for PRMT7 in regulating the function of CD8+ T cells and further justify the need to therapeutically target PRMT7 in immune-based therapies.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approved clinical treatment with minimal invasiveness for different types of cancers. It has the advantage of high selectivity towards tumour tissue, and lack of severe and systemic complications, with the possibility of harmless repetitive applications. Its mechanism of action involves activation of a photosensitizer (PS) by an appropriate monochromatic laser beam, with long wavelength for deeper tissue penetration. Chlorophylls are photosynthetic pigments present in all organisms that convert light energy into chemical energy. The tetrapyrrolic ring structure of chlorophylls show high level of light absorption in the red region of visible light. Activation of chlorophyllin derivatives results into generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause tumour cells toxicity and subsequent tumour regression. Therefore, PDT has been used for targeting several accessible tumours. It has been also used in treatment of precancerous and cancerous dermatological diseases. In our studies, we were able to prove the distinctive role of chlorophyllin derivatives as highly efficient photosensitizers at PDT approaches. In comparison to the conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, no major alterations to the normal physiological condition have been detected. Additionally, successful PDT approaches in tumour cells killing were also achieved via liposomal delivery system of chlorophyllin derivatives at both in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanisms underlying PDT mediated tumour cells killing and in vivo tumour regression have been also investigated. Successful development of an efficient drug delivery system for improved tissue permeation has been also conducted in an established murine dermatological tumour model for possible future clinical applications.

Healthcare transformation involves the state of the entire society in terms of knowledge and expertise building, career placement, and service level. With advanced management, innovative thinking, emotional intelligence, and effective communication techniques, there is a remarkable and progressive improvement in the healthcare services provided, along with a straightforward approach to diagnosis. Health care around the world offers a high-quality life and advances. We must think, design, and implement novel approaches to educate the health workforce development, which will lead to quality achievement in patient treatment and care, including the following:
1. Teaching, Learning, and Practice.
2. Societies, System, and Structure.
3. Technology, Innovation, and Stimulation.
4. Creativity and Emotional Intelligence.
5. Effective Communication Skills.
6. Improved health care through open change.

The human central nervous system (CNS) has a limited capacity for regeneration and repair, as many other organs do. Partly as a result, neurological diseases are the leading cause of medical burden globally. Most neurological disorders cannot be cured, and primary treatments focus on managing their symptoms and slowing down their progression. The roles of individual cell types in neurodegenerative pathology are being uncovered by genetic and single-cell studies. Cell therapy for neurological disorders offers several therapeutic potentials and provides hope for many patients. Here we provide a general overview of cell therapy in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), stroke, especially for one of the rare disorders: Wilson's disease (WD) , involving many forms of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent (iPSC) stem cells. The authors also address the current concerns and perspectives for the future. Most studies for cell therapy in neurological diseases are in the pre-clinical stage, and there is still a great need for further research to translate neural replacement and regenerative therapies into clinical settings, as well as Traditional Chinese Medicines and Alternative Medicines.

Cell treatment: AD

Cell treatment: PD

Cell treatment: WD rare disease

Cell treatment: Stroke

Alternative Medicine and Cell treatment.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease responsible of millions of deaths every year. Patients suffering from DM are confronted with severe complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular ailments, and kidney failures. Unfortunately, the existing drug artillery being used for DM management suffer from multiple side-effects thereby necessitating the need to develop new potent compounds with improved pharmacological profiles.

Molecular hybridization (MH) has recently emerged as a promising technique to develop new molecular assemblies. This technique involves an amalgamation of two or more pharmacophoric entities in single molecular architecture. The resulted molecular hybrids in most cases have been reported to display superior efficacy with respect to their parent scaffolds attributed to its ability to target multiple targets or allosteric binding. Accordingly, we employed MH to prepare a variety of molecular hybrids of medicinally significant heterocyclic pharmacophoric moieties to design and synthesize novel molecular hybrids, characterized them via 1H, 13C and 2D-NMR spectroscopic techniques and tested their antdiabetic potential by inhibiting two carbohydrate-digesting enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) which are implicated in catalytic break down of complex carbohydrates into simple sugars including glucose thereby leading to a high level of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia). For instance, a thiazolidinone-thiadiazole molecular hybrid prepared via a multicomponent reaction exhibited dual mode of inhibition with an IC50 value of 2.5mM. In silico molecule docking simulations further revealed the participation of both hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction in its stabilization with the target enzymes. Similarly, the molecular hybrid of quinoline with oxadiazole exhibited superior activity to Acarbose (an antidiabetic drug) by showing selectivity towards α-glucosidase and was found to be noncompetitive binder of the enzyme based on the enzyme kinetic studies.

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) exhibits significant genetic heterogeneity that impacts patient responses to R-CHOP chemotherapy. While some patients respond well, others face poor outcomes due to distinct genetic subtypes affecting drug efficacy. Recognizing the necessity for personalized treatment, this in silico study aimed to investigate how genetic profiling and multi-omic approaches could enhance the identification of prognostic biomarkers and help stratify DLBCL patients for improved therapeutic responses.

A narrative review assessed existing biomarkers in DLBCL and their impact on treatment stratification. We searched the IntOGen database to find genes that are altered and linked to DLBCL, and we succeeded in examining mutation frequencies utilizing GnomAD. The Cancer Genome Interpreter was then used to identify drugs linked to DLBCL-altered genes, contextualizing pharmacological guidance based on subtype-specific vulnerabilities.

Our results demonstrate the practical application of genetic profiling of DLBCL subtypes in significantly improving treatment outcomes. Clinical trials have shown that patients who are subtyped and receive tailored pharmacological therapies have notably higher complete recovery rates and reduced relapse rates compared to non-subtyped patients within the same cohort. This evidence supports the effectiveness of treatment strategies, especially for high-risk subtypes that exhibit chemoresistance.

Our analysis revealed statistically significant variations in allele frequency for specific gene alterations across different ethnic groups, underscoring the importance of ancestry-based stratification. However, we also identified a pressing need for research that includes diverse populations, as standard therapies developed primarily from Caucasian cohorts may not be effective for non-Caucasian patients. This aspect of our research has the potential to address healthcare disparities and improve patient outcomes.

Marine resources are commonly used in biomedical and tissue engineering applications due to their multifunctionality. Taking full use of shells, tunicates, and chitosan derived from marine, functional biomaterials have been developed.

Regarding marine shells, both organic and inorganic phases were fully utilized. Firstly, hydroxyapatite (HAP) of different sizes and shapes with specific surface area had been prepared, using in anti-tumor drug carriers and adsorbents. And this good calcium sources were combined with 3D printed scaffolds and bone cements, giving them good mechanical properties and bone induction performance. Secondly, water-soluble matrix with antibacterial and remineralization effects were successfully extracted from abalone shells by ultrasound-assisted water extraction, which has been used in tooth mineralization. For tunicates, tunicate cellulose nanocrystals (TCNCs) with high strength, modulus, and aspect ratios were extracted, and were used as the reinforcing phase to construct multifunctional tissue repair materials including bone cements and hemostasis sponges. In the development of in-situ scaffolds based on chitosan, a series of nanohybrid scaffolds were successfully prepared by pH-responsive solubility of chitosan and the formation conditions of HAP under alkaline conditions. The surface groups of chitosan regulated the process of in-situ formation of HAP with evenly distribution, and the bone defects were effectively repaired by the scaffolds.

In summary, marine resources hold high potential, a series of marine biomaterials for bone repair, drug carriers, tooth mineralization, and adsorbents were successfully prepared, not only achieving high-value utilization of these resources, but also providing broad application prospects.

Multiscale brain networks play a critical role in diagnosing brain disorders by revealing the hierarchical organization of brain function and connectivity.

However, existing approaches, such as multi-atlas methods, often fall short in accurately capturing these complex networks across different spatial and temporal scales.

This limitation can result in insufficient representations of brain connectivity, leading to potential diagnostic inaccuracies.

To address this challenge, we introduce the Multiscale Brain Graph Transformer (BrainMGT), a novel framework that captures the hierarchical structure of brain connectivity across multiple spatial and temporal scales.

BrainMGT models brain networks at three spatial levels—microscale, mesoscale, and macroscale—while preserving their modularity and interconnectivity. Additionally, it incorporates multiple temporal scales (fast, intermediate, and slow) to estimate brain connectivity, rather than relying solely on a single temporal scale derived from blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals.

By leveraging self-attention and cross-attention mechanisms, BrainMGT effectively extracts and integrates features both within and between these scales, generating fine-to-coarse feature representations that significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy.

We validate BrainMGT on three real-world functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets. The results demonstrate that BrainMGT outperforms existing methods in diagnosing neurological disorders, providing a more robust and precise approach to understanding brain function and connectivity.

HIV continues to disproportionately affect men, particularly in regions like sub-Saharan Africa, where social and cultural factors often discourage health-seeking behaviors.

Traditional narratives surrounding masculinity—emphasizing strength, independence, and stoicism—discourage men from seeking HIV testing, treatment, and care, with significant consequences for both individual and public health.

In this lecture, I will explore the need to shift the narrative around men and HIV by challenging restrictive gender norms and promoting health-seeking behaviors as signs of strength, not weakness.

I will discuss strategies such as redefining masculinity, leveraging peer-led programs, creating male-friendly healthcare services, and engaging women as allies in promoting male health. Additionally, the role of policy changes in creating an enabling environment for men to access HIV services will be highlighted.

By transforming societal attitudes and healthcare systems, men can be empowered to take responsibility for their health and engage more fully in HIV prevention, treatment, and care. The lecture will draw on global examples where successful interventions have led to increased male engagement in HIV services, offering practical insights for shifting the narrative and improving health outcomes.

Ultimately, this shift is essential for reducing the HIV burden among men and advancing progress toward ending the epidemic.

In recent years, metal nanoparticles offer promising prospects in different fields.

By bridging the gap between traditional knowledge and modern agricultural innovation, this research endeavors to harness the intrinsic potential of indigenous flora like the UAE native plant to address contemporary nutritional challenges and contribute to the promotion of sustainable food systems in the UAE and beyond.

The synthesis of nanoparticles using naturally occurring reagents such as vitamins, sugars, plant extracts as reductants may provide a potential for nanotechnology.

Plant-based extracts seem to be the best candidates, and they are suitable for large-scale biosynthesis of nanoparticles.

Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the green synthesis of nanoparticles from native UAE plant, and explore their efficacy on human cancer cells.

The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various spectral studies including FT-IR, SEM, HR-TEM and XR.

The anticancer potential of the obtained nanoparticles was also studied against different cancer cell lines.

The results revealed that the biosynthesized nanoparticles using different UAE native plant- leaf aqueous extract has significant antioxidant and anticancer potential on human cancer cells and can be used in biological applications.

In conclusion, metal nanoparticles hold potential for revolutionizing and promoting sustainability and have anticancer potential.

Irreversible vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis often results from excitotoxicity caused by overactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors.

This process induces excessive calcium (Ca²⁺) influx, affecting proteins such as Calpain-1, Cabin-1, and Calcineurin and triggering apoptotic pathways involving BAX, Caspase-3, and BCL.

This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of Philanthotoxin-343 (PhTX-343) against NMDA-induced retinal and optic nerve damage in rats.

Rats were divided into three groups: PBS (control), NMDA, and PhTX-343 pre-treatment (administered 24 hours before NMDA).

Visual behavior was assessed seven days post-treatment, followed by histological and molecular analyses of retinal and optic nerve tissues.

The NMDA group showed significant retinal thinning, loss of cell nuclei in the ganglion cell layer (GCL), reduced Brn3A (RGC marker) expression, and disrupted protein levels—elevated Calpain, Calcineurin, BAX, and Caspase-3, with decreased Cabin-1 and BCL—compared to the PBS group (p < 0.05).

Behaviorally, NMDA exposure resulted in hyperactivity, reduced immobility, and impaired novel object recognition (p < 0.05).

PhTX-343 pre-treatment preserved retinal and optic nerve morphology, resembling the PBS group.

Brn3A-positive RGCs were significantly higher than in the NMDA group (p < 0.05) and comparable to controls (p > 0.05). Protein levels in the PhTX-343 group were normalized, with lower Calpain, Calcineurin, BAX, and Caspase-3, and higher Cabin-1 and BCL compared to the NMDA group (p < 0.05).

Visual performance in PhTX-343-treated rats improved significantly, with behavior akin to the PBS group (p > 0.05).

In conclusion, PhTX-343 protects against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity by modulating calcium-related and apoptotic proteins, preserving retinal and optic nerve integrity, and restoring visual function in rats.

The rapid changes in today’s world are significantly impacting individuals' well-being. The rise in societal crises, including tensions, wars, terrorism, poverty, and job market instability, is contributing to increased stress and emotional instability. Many individuals experience a chronic stress response in their brain and body, which weakens their immune system, making them more vulnerable to mental and physical illnesses. This vulnerability also increases susceptibility to the long-term effects of diseases, behavioral challenges, and addictive disorders. The combined impact of chronic stress and risky behaviors inflicts substantial harm on the body and exacerbates social issues. Stress hormones such as epinephrine, adrenaline, and cortisol are consistently activated under prolonged stress. For instance, when we think of something stressful, cortisol levels rise. As cortisol rises, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA)—a critical component of immune defense—declines, leaving us more susceptible to infections. This connection demonstrates how excessive worry can lead to physical illness. This presentation aims to increase awareness and understanding of the effects of stress on well-being. Our goal is to emphasize the importance of recognizing well-being indicators and the critical role of social and emotional support. For example, fostering family support, nurturing relationships, ensuring physical protection and safety through appropriate regulations, and providing developmentally appropriate opportunities can serve as essential building blocks for cognitive, motor, language, emotional, and social skills development.

Purpose: Inflammations of the upper respiratory tract (URT) are common both in adults and children and they are generally treated through aerosol therapy with mucolytic medications and steroids. When these inflammations affect children, the treatments must be rapid and resolutive to prevent complications, i.e. middle ear concern. Steroids present some contraindications, i.e. alteration of smell, that must bear in mind especially in children. Therefore, alternative treatments that have the same efficacy of the steroids, but limited adverse effect should be considered. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Adelmidrol to fight inflammation in the URT.

Methods: Case-Control study. Control group used standard treatment for URT inflammation (mucolytics and steroids), and treatment groups were treated by Adelmidrol spray. Sixty children (age range 2.5-4.5 years) were randomly assigned to i) control group, ii) treatment group 1 (TG1)- Adelmidrol nasal spray only and iii) treatment group 2 (TG2), in which Adelmidrol was administered nasal and oral spray solution. The URT and the tympanic membrane aspects were evaluated at T0, T1(30 days) and T2 (90 days). The treatments were performed for 90 consecutive days (three months).

Results: At the end of the treatment, TG2 (combination of nasal and oral sprays) had the best outcomes both regarding URT findings (χ²: p = 0.0004) and tympanic membrane conditions (χ²: p = 0.03). TG1 showed similar outcome of CG.

Conclusions: These preliminary results showed that Adelmidrol had the same efficacy of standard treatment when used as nasal spray only, and was better than standard treatment when used combining nasal and oral sprays. The molecule seems to offer the same benefit as standard treatment without collateral effects. If confirmed on a larger sample, the use of Adelmidrol could be suggested as an alternative to traditional treatment for the inflammation of the URT in children.

Background: The aesthetic importance of nasal tip and the complexity of its surgical correction make the surgery of this area one of the most fascinating facial surgical procedures. Despite description of different sculpturing techniques to correct nasal tip defects, this surgery remains one of the most discussed and challenging aesthetic procedures.

Objectives: To define an algorithm of treatment for nasal tip surgery based on 40 year experience on Caucasian patients evaluated by our proposed clinical qualitative assessment, who were treated by closed rhinoplasty.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 19,643 Caucasian patients (15,266 females and 4,377 males) who underwent primary closed rhinoplasty from 1979 to 2019 due to different tip defects. The patients were evaluated by volume projection rotation (VPR) assessment. The surgical indications options, long-term aesthetic results and complications were analyzed. Results: 22% patients with minimal nasal defects were treated by non-delivery approach and 78% patients with important tip malformation by delivery approach. In all cases, the surgery was performed to reduce tip volume, modify tip projection and rotation based on the specific nasal defects. 67% patients, who needed important reduction of tip projection, were treated by tip interrupting techniques. 88.7% patients were satisfied and only 12.3% needed a minor revision surgery during the 20-years follow-up.

Conclusion: The proposed algorithm may be a useful tool to plan surgery. The use of an adequate technique depending on the evaluation of volume, projection and rotation may guarantee higher patient satisfaction and a stable long-term aesthetic result.

Hanahan and Weinberg established a concept of “the Hallmarks of Cancer” which is showing acquired functional capabilities of neoplastic cells. After the latest revisions, they defined nine hallmark capabilities and five enabling characteristics. The first eight core hallmarks are Sustaining Proliferative Signaling, Evading Growth Suppressors, Resisting Cell Death, Enabling Replicative Immortality, Inducing Angiogenesis, Activating Invasion and Metastasis, Deregulating Cellular Metabolism, and Avoiding Immune Destruction. Lastly Unlocking Phenotypic Plasticity is incorporated as an additional hallmark. These hallmark capabilities are acquired via enabling characteristics which are Genome Instability and Mutation, Tumor-promoting Inflammation, Nonmutational Epigenetic Reprogramming, Polymorphic Microbiomes, and Senescent Cells. Finally, a possible link between the nervous system in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the hallmarks has been proposed as a distinctive enabling characteristic. Carcinogenesis is a stepwise phenomenon, and a model of multi-step carcinogenesis is nicely demonstrated by Vogelstein. The acquisition of hallmark capabilities can appear at different times. During carcinogenesis, we can differentiate several phases chronologically: immortalization, tumor formation, and cancer. These are compatible with standard steps: initiation, promotion, and progression. Besides this concept, there is a growing body of evidence to suggest that cancer is a chaotic disease, at least for a limited period. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a well-documented prevalent (approximately 80%) hallmark in human cancers. CIN is synonymous with aneuploidy. High-level cellular stress due to chronic carcinogen exposure induces CIN, which produces temporal genomic chaos. Many chaotic genomes are eliminated. If cells survive, aneuploid cells containing new system information after genome reorganization appear as a clinical picture of cancer. In this presentation, we discuss the role and place of Genome Chaos during carcinogenesis based on up-to-date literature.

Racial and ethnic minorities have lower COVID-19 vaccination rates than Whites in the US. Equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines remains a challenge in the US, which has compounded the existing disparities. The deep and pervasive history of medical racism in the US has caused greater levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in racial and ethnic minority groups. Vaccine hesitancy can decrease vaccination rates and is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a top ten global threat to public health. The underlying factors driving vaccine hesitancy are complex and include a declining trust in science and state institutions, the spread of COVID-19 vaccine mis/disinformation on the benefits and risks of vaccines, etc. Although some studies examine COVID-19 vaccine disparities, there is a shortage of studies examining the social, structural and constructural determinants of vaccine disparities. In this paper, we propose a novel machine learning based (ML-based) approach to identify COVID-19 vaccine disparities and determinants with a goal of mitigating COVID-19 vaccine disparities and improving pandemic health care. We provide a thorough analysis of COVID-19 vaccine disparities based on different COVID-19 datasets and examine the determinants (including the determinants that cause vaccine hesitancy in racial and ethnic minorities and unequal vaccine distribution). We believe this research should provide new strategies for identifying vaccine disparities and determinants with a goal of reducing COVID-19 vaccine disparities and improving pandemic health care and health equity.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a globally rising public health with limited therapeutic options for advanced incidences. Current treatment regimen including chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, has several limitations and is often found associated with resistance. Emerging evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) hold promise for improving therapeutic outcomes, but low or negative PD-L1 expression in most EC incidences hinders their therapeutic responsiveness. Our research explored a novel approach to enhance immunotherapy response in EC by targeting epigenetic mechanisms, specifically targeting Histone Deacetylase 8 (HDAC8). HDAC8 is significantly overexpressed in endocrine and chemo-resistant EC incidences, indicating the advanced stage of EC which contributes to immune evasion. Our data demonstrate that a specific target to HDAC8 induces PD-L1 upregulation, potentially transforming immunologically "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors, consequently increasing immune cell infiltration and responsiveness to ICIs. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of HDAC8-mediated PD-L1 regulation and validate the therapeutic potential of combining HDAC8 inhibitors with ICIs. The study aims to screen small molecules that specifically inhibits HDAC8, understanding its role in PD-L1 regulation, and assessing therapeutic efficacy using in-vitro and in-vivo models. This research could revolutionize the treatment landscape for EC, providing a dual benefit of overcoming resistance mechanisms and enhancing immunotherapy response for a better outcome. By targeting HDAC8, this study seeks to develop a synergistic therapeutic strategy to improve overall survival and clinical outcomes for EC patients associated with cold tumor microenvironment.

Health informatics and Electronic Health Records (EHR) are pivotal in reshaping healthcare systems worldwide. This paper examines the role of EHR in enhancing healthcare delivery by improving patient outcomes, increasing efficiency, and fostering a data-driven approach to medical decision-making. The adoption of EHR systems streamlines administrative processes, reduces errors, and supports the integration of evidence-based practices. Additionally, interoperability between systems ensures seamless data exchange, enabling more coordinated and comprehensive care. The application of health informatics, particularly in predictive analytics and artificial intelligence (AI), has further revolutionized patient care by facilitating early diagnosis, personalized treatment plans, and resource allocation. This study reviews successful case studies and identifies common challenges, such as data privacy concerns, implementation costs, and resistance to change among healthcare professionals. The discussion emphasizes the need for robust policies and training programs to enhance the effective utilization of EHR and health informatics. By fostering collaboration between stakeholders—healthcare providers, policymakers, and technologists—healthcare systems can achieve sustainable improvements and ensure patient-centered care.
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